Chapter #1: Introduction to Ubuntu

Whether you're an experienced Linux user or just taking your first steps, Ubuntu has something for you, and this series is designed to help you get the most out of your Ubuntu experience from installation to transforming it into a full-fledged development environment.

Let’s start by answering the question: What is Linux? Simply put, Linux is an operating system, just like Windows or macOS, but with some differences in how it works and what it’s designed for.

Today, Linux powers a huge number of systems, such as Android runs on Linux under the hood, and most cloud platforms rely on it too. When we talk about Linux, we’re really talking about the kernel, which is its core, along with the additional services and applications that together make up what we call Linux.

In general, Linux refers to the kernel, which manages the hardware and core system functions, while other applications and services combine with it to create a complete operating system.

This is where the term 'distribution' comes in: each distribution aims to offer a unique and improved user experience. In fact, when people talk about Linux, they’re usually referring to a specific distribution rather than just the kernel.

Today, there are many Linux distributions, each with its own focus and use cases. Most aim to bundle useful software and tools to make Linux easier to use, providing a smoother experience for beginners just starting out or switching from another operating system.

In this series, we’ll focus on Ubuntu, a popular and beginner-friendly Linux distribution. Specifically, we’ll use the latest long-term support version, 24.04.

In this chapter, we’ll go through the following topics:

• A brief history of Ubuntu and what it is.
• An introduction to free software and the open-source world.
• Ubuntu’s community and support resources.

Ubuntu’s Mission

Ubuntu exists to make powerful, open-source software accessible to everyone, which is built on the belief that technology should be free to use, adapt, and share without restriction.

This vision is rooted in the global open-source movement, where collaboration and community drive progress. You can learn more about Ubuntu’s mission here.

The Values that Define Ubuntu

Ubuntu’s community is guided by four key principles:

• Freedom - The right to shape your own software experience. Ubuntu supports both meanings of “free”: no cost and no restrictions. You can run it, modify it, and share it however you like.
• Reliability - Trust is fundamental. Ubuntu ensures consistency in its updates, origins, and release schedule, so you always know what to expect.
• Precision - Every detail counts. Ubuntu’s design and engineering are thoughtful, polished, and purposeful.
• Collaboration - Ubuntu is created together, not alone. Its very name reflects the idea of “humanity towards others,” emphasizing the importance of community.

What is Ubuntu

The name Ubuntu comes from a Southern African word meaning “I am because we are”, reflecting the idea of “humanity toward others”. This perfectly captures the spirit of the Ubuntu community. Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, chose this name to emphasize the values of open source and free software for the community.